Galaxy Clusters
Galaxy clusters are large accumulations of galaxies, which are moving in the common gravitational field. The biggest galaxy clusters contain up to 3000 galaxies (spiral, elliptical, dwarf galaxies). The nearest large galaxy cluster is the so-called Virgo Cluster in the constellation of Virgo. It is about 60 million light years distant, and it extends over some 15 million light years. Other examples are the Perseus Cluster (240 Mio. light years), the Coma Cluster (300 million light years distant) and the Heckules Cluster (500 million light years distant).
Maksutov-Newton, Canon 1100Da, 13.5 hours
Central region of the Virgo Cluster with the giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4486 (M 87)
Maksutov-Newton, Canon 1100Da,
23.9 hours
Close to the centre of the Virgo Cluster a large number of smaller elliptical galaxies can be seen. There are hardly any spiral galaxies because they have been swallowed by the giant galaxy M 87 by gravitational merging. M 87 consists of about 2.5 thousand billion (!) stars. Its centre hosts the biggest known black hole, with a mass of ca. 6.5
billion solar masses. Jets of high-energy particles are ejected from its immediate surroundings. These emit synchrotron radiation producing spectacular structures at radio frequencies (see Galaxy Overlays).
Maksutov-Newton, Canon 1100Da, 11.5 hrs.
We see the so-called Markarian Chain with the prominent elliptical galaxies M 84 and M 86, and the central elliptical galaxy M 87.
Perseus Cluster of Galaxies
Maksutov-Newton, Canon 1100Da, 15.5 hours
Same image with annotation, in which both, the astronomical coordinates (right ascension and declination) and the optical identifications of all detected galaxies are overlayed. The image contains a total of 23 galaxies from the NGC catalogue, 6 galaxies from the IC catalogue, and 193 galaxies from the PGC catalogue.
Coma Cluster of Galaxies
ED-Refractor, Canon 1100Da, 11.2 hours
The Coma Cluster (Abell 1656) with more than 1000 galaxies is about 300 million ly distant. Its diameter is about 20 million ly. It consists of the main cluster, with a subcluster falling in at a speed of about 2000 km/s from the south-west. The above image exhibits a multitude of elliptical galaxies with their characteristic yellowish colour. The colour arises beause they only contain old and cool stars. Their evolution via gravitational merging of many smaller galaxies is largely finished. The image contains a total of 60 galaxies from the NGC catalogue, 33 galaxies from the IC catalogue, and 827 galaxies from the PGC catalogue.
Hercules Cluster of Galaxies
Maksutov-Newton, Canon 1100Da, 13.7 hours